Mars 2020 mission Overview
The Mars 2020 Presence Rover will search for signs of ancient microbial life, which will further NASA's search for past habitats on Mars. The rover has a drill to collect basic samples of marathon rock and soil, then store them in sealed tubes for ripening through future missions that will take them back to Earth for detailed analysis. Sustainability will also test technologies to pave the way for future human exploration on Mars.
Getting stuck in the rover's belly for a trip to Mars is a demonstration of technology - a Mars helicopter can easily get the "Wright Brothers moment" by testing the first power-powered flight on the Red Planet.
Searching for Ancient Life Gathering Rocks and Soil
NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter Captures a Mars Rock Feature in 3D
Asa's Angie Mars helicopter provided a 3D view of a rock-covered mound during its 13th flight on September 4. Known as "Faillefeu" (after a medieval abbey in the French Alps), by the agency's Persuasive Rover team - and to get color images from a lower altitude than before: 26 feet (8 meters)
Approximately 33 feet (10 m) wide, the mound is visible just north of the center of the picture, with some large rocks casting shadows. Stretching at the top of the icon is part of the "Artobi", a ride line more than half a mile (900 meters) wide. At the bottom of the image, and running vertically in the middle, are just a few of the many waves of sand that inhabit southern Sita.
Best seen with red-blue glasses, it combines data from two images taken at a distance of 16 feet (5 m) with a stereo, or 3D, wave (also called Anglef) easily mounted color camera. Was made
About Ingenuity
The San Mars helicopter was built by JPL, which also manages operational demonstration activities during its NASA headquarters expansion mission. It is supported by NASA's Science, Aeronautics Research, and Space Technology mission directorates. NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California, and NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, provide flight performance analysis and technical support during Ease Development. AeroVironment Inc. , Qualcomm, and SolAero also provided design assistance and major vehicle components.
About Perseverance
Later, NASA's mission, in collaboration with the ESA (European Space Agency), will send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed specimens from the surface and send them back to Earth for in-depth analysis.
The Mars 2020 sustainable mission is part of NASA's approach to accessing the moon from Mars, including the Artemis mission to the moon, which will help prepare for the human search for the Red Planet.
JPL, which manages NASA's Caltech in Pasadena, California, builds and manages the Persuasive Rover.
NASA Confirms Thousands of Massive, Ancient Volcanic Eruptions on Mars
Scientists have found evidence that an area of northern Mars called the Arabian Terra experienced thousands of "super-eruptions" over a period of 500 million years, the largest volcanic eruption.
Some volcanoes can erupt so violently that they release oceans of dust and toxic gases into the air, blocking sunlight and changing the planet's climate for decades. While studying the topography and mineral composition of a part of the Arabian Terra region of northern Mars, scientists have recently found evidence of thousands of such eruptions, or "super expressions", which are the most violent volcanic eruptions.
Throwing water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the air, these explosions erupted from the surface of Mars 4 billion years ago over a period of 500 million years. The scientists made this estimate in an article published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters in July 2021.
Patrick Valle, a geologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, said: Or blocking the sun and cooling the atmosphere. " Who led the Arab Terra analysis. To understand the effects of volcanoes, Mars climate models will have to do some work.
After an explosion of molten rock and gas equivalent to a 400 million Olympic-sized swimming pool and a thick blanket of ash spread thousands of miles from the eruption site, a volcano of this magnitude fell into a large hole called "Caldera." "Calderas, which also exist on Earth, can be dozens of miles wide. Seven Caldera was the first gift in the Arabian Terra to host a once-in-a-lifetime volcanic eruption.
To find clues as to how planets and moons evolved from chemical soup into complex systems of gases and rocks, scientists travel to uncivilized places on Earth that most people try to avoid: lava fields and glaciers. In this photo, NASA Goddard geologists Jacob Richardson and Patrick Wheely, along with University of Arizona planetary scientist Sarah Sutton, stand in a fresh lava field in northeastern Iceland, called the Holohoron. In the summer of 2018, scientists measured how much heat the lava was emitting, even after a historic eruption between 2014 and 2015. Or ancient volcanoes in the solar system
Depression was once thought to be due to the effects of asteroids on the surface of Mars billions of years ago, scientists first suggested in a 2013 study that these basins were volcanic calderas. They saw that they were not exactly round like a pit, and there were some signs of their falling, like very deep floors and stone benches near the walls.
"We read the paper and took an interest in following through, but instead of finding the volcano ourselves, we searched for the ashes, because you can't hide the evidence," said Wehley.
Whale and his colleagues came up with the idea to meet Alexandra Matella Novak, a volcanologist at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in Laurel, Maryland. Matilda Novak was already using data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to find ash on Mars, so she partnered with Wehley and his team to look specifically at the Arabian Terra.
The team's analysis followed the work of other scientists who had previously suggested that minerals on the surface of the Arabian Terra were actually volcanoes. Another research group, finding out that the Arab Terra Basin could be Calderas, calculated where the ashes from a possible super-eruption in the area would settle: traveling downhill, eastward, this volcano Will be away from the center, or in this case, what is left of them: calderas.
"So we picked it up at this point and said, 'Well, these are minerals that are associated with altered volcanic ash, which have already been documented, so now we'll see how the minerals are distributed. They follow the pattern we expect them to see from the super explosion.
The team used images from the MRO's compact reconnaissance imaging spectrometer for Mars to identify surface minerals. Looking into the walls of valleys and citadels hundreds of thousands of miles from Caledonia, where the ash was carried by the wind, they identified volcanic minerals that turned from water to soil, including montmorillonite, immogolite and allophane. Then, using images from MRO cameras, the team created three-dimensional topographic maps of the Arab Terra. By placing mineral data on topographic maps of analyzed valleys and citadels, researchers can see in mineral-rich deposits that the ash layers are very well preserved - instead of being entangled with winds and water, the ash layers Just like when it was fresh.
"When I realized it wasn't a fluke, it was a real signal," said Jacob Richardson, a geologist with NASA Goddard. "We are actually seeing what was predicted and it was the most exciting moment for me."
The same scientists who actually identified calderas in 2013 also calculated how much material would have erupted from the volcano, based on the volume of each caldera. This information allowed Whale and his colleagues to calculate the number of trees to create the thickness of the ash found. "It turned out that there were thousands of cracks," Wahley said.
Another question is how a planet can have the same type of volcano that is polluting an area. Extremely volcanic volcanoes on Earth - most recently 76,000 years ago in Sumatra, Indonesia - are scattered around the world and are found in the same area as other types of volcanoes. There are many other types of volcanoes on Mars, including the largest volcano in the solar system, called Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is 100 times larger than the largest volcano on Earth in Hawaii, Maunuwa, and is known as the "shield volcano", which pulls lava out of a slowly melting mountain. The Arabian Terra has so far the only evidence of an explosive volcano on Mars.
It is possible that the erupting volcanoes were concentrated in terrestrial regions but have disappeared physically and chemically or have moved around the world due to the transit of continents due to plate tectonics. Such explosive volcanoes could also be present in Jupiter's lunar eclipses or clusters on Venus. In any case, Richardson hopes the Arabian Terra will teach scientists something new about the geological process that helps shape planets and moons.
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